Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - whom
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Whom
whom
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1.
Frequency: The word is one of the 1500 most common words in English. Note: 'Whom' is used in formal or written English instead of ‘who’ when it is the object of a verb or preposition. 1. You use whom in questions when you ask about the name or identity of a person or group of people. ‘I want to send a telegram.’—‘Fine, to whom?’... Whom did he expect to answer his phone?... = who QUEST 2. You use whom after certain words, especially verbs and adjectives, to introduce a clause where you talk about the name or identity of a person or a group of people. He asked whom I’d told about his having been away... = who CONJ 3. You use whom at the beginning of a relative clause when specifying the person or group of people you are talking about or when giving more information about them. One writer in whom I had taken an interest was Immanuel Velikovsky... PRON: oft prep PRON ...Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary
2.
pronoun Etymology: Middle English, from Old English hwam, dative of hwa who Date: before 12th century objective case of who — used as an interrogative or relative; used as object of a verb or a preceding preposition to know for ~ the bell tolls — John Donne or less frequently as the object of a following preposition the man ~ you wrote to though now often considered stilted especially as an interrogative and especially in oral use — occasionally used as predicate nominative with a copulative verb or as subject of a verb especially in the vicinity of a preposition or a verb of which it might mistakenly be considered the object ~ say ye that I am — Matthew 16:15 (Authorized Version) people…~ you never thought would sympathize — Shea Murphy Usage: Observers of the language have been predicting the demise of ~ from about 1870 down to the present day one of the pronoun cases is visibly disappearing—the objective case ~ — R. G. White (1870) ~ is dying out in England, where “Whom did you see?” sounds affected — Anthony Burgess (1980). Our evidence shows that no one—English or not—should expect ~ to disappear momentarily; it shows every indication of persisting quite a while yet. Actual usage of who and ~—accurately described at the entries in this dictionary—does not appear to be markedly different from the usage of Shakespeare's time. But the 18th century grammarians, propounding rules and analogies, rejecting other rules and analogies, and usually justifying both with appeals to Latin or Greek, have intervened between us and Shakespeare. It seems clear that the grammarians' rules have had little effect on the traditional uses. One thing they have accomplished is to encourage hypercorrect uses of ~ ~ shall I say is calling?. Another is that they have made some people unsure of themselves said he was asked to step down, although it is not known exactly who or ~ asked him — Redding (Connecticut) Pilot. ...Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary
Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
4.
1. косв. п. от who with whom were you talking? —- с кем ты разговаривал? of whom are you speaking? —- о ком вы говорите? you saw whom? —- разг. кого ты видел? 2. в сочетании с предлогом может быть опущено this is the man (whom) I was speaking about (about whom I was speaking) —- вот человек, о котором я вам говорил 3. разг. кто let him be whom he will —- пусть он будет тем, кем он хочет стать ...Новый большой англо-русский словарь
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